Compare to hornblende (Taiwan jade ) and augite
The hornblende and augite are the definitions of mineralogy. At the 18th century, Frenchmen Dmurl analyzed and appraised the jade which pillaged from Beijing Yuanming Yuan and divided into two categories–hornblende and augite. Hornblende is often named as ′ nephrite ′ and belongs to the series minerals of "tremolite" . the compositions of hornblende are calcium and silicate. From polarizing microscope, it presents fibrous and interweaving structure, its Mohs hardness is between 5 to 6.5 , proportion is 2.9-3.1.
The augite is commonly named as ′ the jadeite ′and belongs to the category of augite mineral. The compositions are sodium , aluminium silicate. From polarizing microscope also presents the fibrous structure. The hardness is between 5.5- 7; the proportion is 3.2- 3, and the other name is ′ the emerald ′.


In human history, about 1,000 B.C., making use of the hornblende and augite existed in a lot of ancient civilization of the ring–Pacific Ocean, for instance Olmec Culture of Central America , Mayan civilization , Azt?ca′ culture , Costa Rica′s culture etc. Although the cultural style and race of these ancient civilization were very complicated, in the art of jade carving, the subject matter, ponder over tool , technology, and the material used are similar so much, including augite, hornblende, serpentine and quartz etc.. In addition, Maori culture in New Zealand uses hornblende to manufacture the implements.



Regarding China, which uses jade the most long-standing history , since started early stage in the Neolithic Age, ′Hemudu .culture ′ (about 5,000 B.C. to 4,500 B.C.) has already known to use hornblende and the other kinds of beautiful stone to make production tools and ornaments. And the augite are just introduced to China in a large amount by the end of Ming Dynasty and Burma finding the emerald. In addition, the Puyuma culture in Taiwan (about 5,300 B.C. to 2,300 B.C.) adopts hornblende to make ornaments mainly.